If you're submitting a Maya Job Type job, there should be a check for completed frames and the error message should trigger a subjob failure.
Now, if you're submitting a Maya batch render from the GUI, there is no test for completion or error checking other than the exit code from the Render executable.
As far as the core problem, you might want to look at using global resources (if the licenses are dedicated to the farm) or license resources (if the licenses are shared with desktop users) to control the number of subjobs running so as not to oversubscribe in the first place.
You can find more information about these resources in the Resources Chapter of the Administration manual.